Embedded Systems Roadmap

Programming constrained hardware: limited memory, no OS (or RTOS), real-time requirements, direct hardware access.

Topics

  1. Microcontroller Architecture — CPU, memory, peripherals
  2. GPIO and Digital IO — pins, pull-ups, debouncing
  3. Interrupts and Timers — ISR, watchdog, timer modes
  4. UART SPI I2C — serial communication protocols
  5. ADC and DAC — analog/digital conversion
  6. RTOS Fundamentals — tasks, scheduling, FreeRTOS
  7. Bare Metal vs RTOS — when to use each
  8. Memory-Mapped IO — register access in C